Essay for me essay writing: 2020

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

International Strategic Management Honda Entering USA

Presentation Most worldwide enterprises break down the political dangers related with putting resources into a specific nation so as to evade the danger of budgetary losses.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on International Strategic Management: Honda Entering USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it ought to be noticed that, successfully overseeing political hazard can likewise be gainful to organizations in that it can assist them with making the most of chances that they might not have recognized on the off chance that they had not completed the hazard investigation. This political hazard evaluation of the US business condition by Honda Corporation will in this way be conveyed for two purposes; to recognize the dangers confronting the organization and to distinguish the advantages that the organization may understand if they contribute there (Jakobsen, 2010). World of politics It is evident that nation governmental issues and the lawmake rs don't work independently from different issues of a nation and consequently a large portion of the political changes that are knowledgeable about a nation are because of the different changes in the financial, social and social parts of the nation. This shows despite the fact that most administrative estimates, for example, charge rates are chosen by legislators, these guidelines and contemplations will by and large be founded on the monetary conditions, for example, the financial status of the nation and the impact these new guidelines will have on the economy in general. This shows the significance of investigating the world of politics of a nation according with its impact on the tasks of a global organization intending to contribute there. Rules and guidelines set up by government officials over the span of ordinary authoritative obligations sway on the exercises of a business as far as affecting the operational expenses. These guidelines likewise impact the advertising and d ispersion systems embraced by an organization in that specific nation (Jensen, 2006).Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the US, one of the significant highlights of the economy is the manner in which the private part is permitted a great deal of opportunity to the degree that the vast majority of the monetary choices that decide the bearing and the degree of creation of the economy are made by individuals from the private area. This is made conceivable because of the generally low degrees of guidelines on business exercises and the low degrees of government mediation on the exercises of the personal business area. The court framework is likewise a significant supporter of this opportunity as it is accused of the obligation of implementing contracts and securing the protected innovation of business elements. This opportunity has added to the development of organiza tions in the US and to the quick development of the economy of the nation (Jensen, 2008). One of the significant impacts of political guidelines in the US is the institution of the Sarbanes-Oxley Ã¢â‚¬ 2002 which realized severe guidelines on the monetary revealing of organizations working in the nation (Jain Rezaee, 2006). This has the suggestion that in the event that the administration of Honda chooses to put resources into the US, at that point they need to conform to the necessities of this demonstration. Investigating the business condition of the US today uncovers that the legislature has consistently attempted to build up the countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s economy dependent on free rivalry and private enterprise. This has been done through setting up laws and guidelines that advance business activities in the nation just as the passage and tasks of global organizations like Honda. End Based on the assessment of the current business condition in the US, Honda Corporation can enter the US s howcase on the grounds that the nation gives a decent world of politics to the business activities of global corporations.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on International Strategic Management: Honda Entering USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the administration of the organization must plan to agree to the guidelines of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 which requires the rebuilding of the money related announcing procedure to permit more receptiveness and straightforwardness. Rivalry is additionally hardened in the US and in this manner Honda must create quality items and administrations so as to make due in business. References Jain, P. K., Rezaee, Z. 2006, The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and capital-advertise conduct: Early proof. Contemporary Accounting Research, vol. 23 no. 3 pp. 629-654. Jakobsen, J. 2010, Old issues stay, new ones yield up: Political hazard in the 21st century, Business Horizons, vol. 53 no. 5, pp. 481-490. Jense n, N. M. 2006, Nation-states and the global partnership, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Jensen, N. M. 2008, Political Risk, Democratic Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment, Journal of Politics, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1040-1052. This exposition on International Strategic Management: Honda Entering USA was composed and presented by client Julissa C. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ship Visit free essay sample

The reason for the tow commendable study was to guarantee that every single free thing on the freight boat are made sure about to have the option to withstand the powers that could be experienced on the ocean section and that both the pull and canal boat were ocean commendable. The assessor took adjusts day by day to examine the current conditions and to plot his desires/prerequisites. The Fortuna had been in ZPMC shipyard since December 2010, for the fitting of another stinger, and because of the long term of remain in dry-dock the degree and volume of work required for the ocean making sure about was very huge. Each stay additionally has a towing flag and a round and hollow float for the AHT to recuperate and put the grapple at the following arranged area. The areas and format of the stays are all pre-arranged. The underneath pictures give a short thought of the channel laying method: 1. Funnel stockpiling zone on primary deck and first channel laying terminating line. We will compose a custom article test on Boat Visit or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Channel laying display. Funnel laying terminating line on primary deck. Grapple bouys. Grapples. Principle deck zone for pipe stockpiling. 2. Passage of funnel into pipe laying display. 3. From this track the funnels are on a level plane moved onto the principle pipe laying terminating line. 4. Beginning of channel laying terminating line in pipe laying display. 5. Funnel laying terminating line in pipe laying display. 6. Tensioners/pipe clipping sets (2 ) numbers are situated toward the finish of the channel terminating line, their motivation being to consistent and adjust the funnels earlier being brought down onto the ocean bed. 7. Exit from tensioners onto stinger. 8. The funnel laying exhibition likewise has a 250T winch, which is intended for the recuperation of channel from the ocean bed to start new associations or to set out a fixed funnel association on the oceans bed if activities are stopped state because of state terrible climate. 9. Grapple winches. 10. Stay wire sheave congregations on fundamental deck. 11. Recessed territories for grapple wire sheave congregations on principle deck. 12. (6) nos pipe recuperation winches on starboard principle deck implied for recuperation of channel areas needing fixes. Recuperation winch. Rich Constant: Post Constant is the AHT that will tow the Fortuna to the venture site and furthermore work with her on the undertaking throughout the following (2) months, photos of the pull as appended. 1. Elegant Constant 2. Luxurious Constant back view. 3. Towing association. 4. Tiger wire Towing association. Principle towing wire 5. Towing association. 6. Towing association. Last Departure

Friday, August 21, 2020

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 24th, 2019

Book Riotâ€™s Deals of the Day for August 24th, 2019 Sponsored by Sourcebooks. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while theyâ€™re hot! Todays Featured Deals I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life by Ed Yong for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Thorn and the Blossom: A Two-Sided Love Story by Theodora Goss for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Kill the Farm Boy: The Tales of Pell by Delilah S. Dawson and Kevin Hearne for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals Exit West by Mohsin Hamid for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Affairs of the FalcÃ³ns by Melissa Rivero for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. 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Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 24th, 2019

Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Asian Development Bank ( Adb ) For The Reconstruction...

After the World War II, the United States led the European countries to establish the World Bank (IBRD), which helped the reconstruction of Europe. And in the meanwhile, the United States led Japan, China and some other Asian countries to establish the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the reconstruction of Asia after the war. IBRD, ADB and IMF (International Monetary Fund), etc. occupy the monopolistic and predominant status all around the world for several decades. In the other words, they dedicate the economic and the political tendency all over the world. However, there are many problems and unreasonable terms for the debit and credit, investment, financing and so on, which are related to the political reasons, exist in IBRD, ADB and IMF. These restricts influence the development of those Third World countries severely. Along with some other reasons and details, in October 2013, China put forward suggestions to establish Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a multilateral development organization with 100 billion authorized capital, which supports the infrastructure development for Asian countries especially, and the headquarter is set up in Beijing, China. This initiative bring huge competitions among the United States, China and Japan. After October 2014, the competitions spread and expand, in which some European countries are involved as well. The establishment of AIIB is not only the economic development and breakthrough, but also related to the politicalShow MoreRelatedThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf ) Essay2250 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 PagesFund (IMF) is an international organization created in 1945 to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and to reduce poverty around the world. The IMF is governed and accountable to the 189 countries that make up the global membership of the organization. These goals make up the IMFs formal rules, t he informal rules allow more access for powerful countries, such as the United States andRead MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 45 Pagesfinancial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions: 1. Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banks, building societies, credit unions, trust companies, and mortgage loan companies 2. Insurance companies and pension funds; and 3. Brokers, underwriters and investment funds. Function Financial institutions provide service as intermediaries ofRead MoreDisaster Management Policies and Systems in Pakistan13687 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 55 PagesAbbreviations 1 ADB Asian Development Bank AJK Azad Jammu Kashmir DCO District Coordination Officer DERA Drought Emergency Relief Assistance DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance ECF Energy Conservation Fund EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERC Emergency Relief Cell FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FFC Federal Flood Commission GDO Goods Dispatch Organization GoP Government of Pakistan HKH Hindu Kush Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Himalayan LGO Local Government Ordinance MDGs Millenium Development Goals MFRead MoreChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13709 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 55 Pagesannounced, would continue to grow at 8% a year between 2006 and 2011. It would also try to tilt its expansion away from exports and investment, and increase government spending to help the poor.2 Already, China was the fastest-growing country in the world, a position it had held, with only a few breaks, for nearly 30 years. Although a handful of other countries (Japan, Singapore, Botswana) had also sustained average growth rates of over 9% per annum for more than a decade, Chinas rapid-fire growthRead MoreChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13701 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 55 Pagesannounced, would continue to grow at 8% a year between 2006 and 2011. It would also try to tilt its expansion away from exports and investment, and increase government spending to help the poor.2 Already, China was the fastest-growing country in the world, a position it had held, with only a few breaks, for nearly 30 years. Although a handful of other countries (Japan, Singapore, Botswana) had also sustained average growth rates of over 9% per annum for more than a decade, Chinas rapid-fire growthRead MoreBp Amoco7965 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 32 Pages9-201-054 REV : M A Y 4, 2010 B ENJA M IN E ST Y M ICHA EL K A NE BP Amoco (A): Policy Statement on the Use of Project Finance As two of the largest oil and gas firms in the world, The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. (BP) and Amoco Corporation (Amoco) had a long history of competitive encounters. This rivalry continued into the 1990s in a variety of locations ranging from the United States to the North Sea to, more recently, the Caspian SeaÃ¢â‚¬â€a region that had opened up to exploration by WesternRead MoreSteel Industry19298 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 78 Pagessteel or is provided by steel. Steel has facilitated our quality of life, underpinned humankindÃ¢â‚¬Ëœs development and even helped us to understand our planet and the eco-systems it supports. Without being aware of it, society now depends on steel. HumankindÃ¢â‚¬Ëœs future success in meeting challenges such as climate change, poverty, population growth, water distribution and energy limited by a lower carbon world depends on applications of steel. 4 Table of contents DECLARATION......................Read MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 252 PagesMinistry of Finance and Economic Planning National Development Planning Directorate Public Investment Technical Team Unit Capacity Building to Support the Rwanda Public Investment Program Investment Appraisal Training Manual for Government Staff Prepared by Sulaiman Kyambadde P.O. Box 1851 Kigali, Rwanda Tel: +250 255114413 (office) October 2011 The purpose of this Training Manual is to help PITT implement the use of international best practices of Investment Appraisal techniques

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Mandarin Chinese Audio Clips for Language Learning

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay - 659 Words

Throughout the entirety of Romeo Juliet, Shakespeare is hinting at the Ã¢â‚¬Å"star crossedÃ¢â‚¬ deadly fate of the lovers spoken of by the chorus in the prologue. Romeo and Juliet are also constantly mentioning their uneasy feelings and how they can sense that something bad will happen, which confirm the aforementioned conclusion. This foreshadowing not only tells us this tragedy planned, but there must be pawns of fate that have to drive Romeo and Juliet together, while at the same time leading them to their death. In Romeo and Juliet, their deadly destiny was written by the universe and characters along the way, such as Capulet, Montague, Nurse, Friar Lawrence, Friar John, and Mercutio. The two main forces driving Romeo and Juliet together whileÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Friar Lawrence also plays a major part in solidifying the relationship between Romeo and Juliet through marriage. With the idea that the marriage would fix the feud between the Capulet and Montague houses, he gladly performs the ceremony, making RJ more devoted to each other. They were no longer just two people who were victims of love at first sight, they were husband and wife who had to stay by each otherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s side through sickness and health. Mercutio has an interesting influence on RomeoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life, in which his actions donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t immediately affect him, but instead his actions get to Romeo through a domino effect. This is most prominently shown during the big fight scene between Mercutio and Tybalt. By dueling with Tybalt and ultimately dying, MercutioÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s bad mistakes bring out a rage in Romeo that will lead to him killing Tybalt and banishment from Verona. Some can say that Romeo is to blame for his banishment, but when we trace the events leading to this, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s easy to tell that Mercutio was the one who made the whole ordeal unfold. MercutioÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s actionÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and death are the ultimate turning point in the play, making things go from bad to worse within RomeoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life and causing moreShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare619 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 PagesRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is a play written in the 16th century thatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s about a tragic love story between tw o teenagers who come from rival families, yet fate brings them together and despite the grudge that each family holds for the other; they fall in love. Throughout the story they hide their love from other people especially their families and marry and when Romeo is banished for murder they conceive a plan to run off together. From this story, we learn how two teenagers deceiveRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare818 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 PagesThroughout history, Shakespeare has been given credit for the popularizing of tragedies, causing a tragic hero to be seen as a reputable character. In ShakespeareÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s story Ã¢â‚¬Å"Romeo and Juliet,Ã¢â‚¬ two ill-fated lovers are caught between the bitter hatred of their two families. Knowing their parents would never approve, Romeo and Juliet struggle to keep their love a secret. Though the story ends in what most people would view as a tragedy, Romeo fails to meet the characteristics of a tragic hero establishedRead MoreRomeo And J uliet by William Shakespeare967 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare In Romeo and Juliet the beauty and ardour of young love is seen by Shakespeare as the irradiating glory of sunlight and starlight in a dark work. Discuss the techniques that Shakespeare would have used to capture this dominating image of light. In the time of Shakespeare, his plays would have been performed during the day, using natural light from the open centre of the theatre. Since there could be no dramatic lighting andRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare532 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 2 Pages In William ShakespeareÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s, classic play, Romeo and Juliet, a young girl, Juliet, has fallen in love with a boy from a feuding family, Romeo. Friar Laurence, the priest, has married them against the rules. JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s cousin, Tybalt starts a fight with Romeo and Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo, in hysteria and distress goes searching for Friar LaurenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s advice, since the Friar is the only one who knows about the marriage besides the Nurse, Romeo and Juliet. In Scene 3 of Act 3, Friar LaurenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s speech revealsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare893 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesare. In the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, the playwright used the Nurse, Lord Capulet, and Friar Lawrence to show how taming the wills of the teens and forcing their wishes upon them could turn the play Romeo and Juliet into a tragic love story. The Nurse is one of the adults who is to blame for the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet.The Nurse is like JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s mother and has a lot of trust towards the Nurse, but this changed when Juliet met Romeo. When Romeo and Juliet decided to getRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1197 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesforbidding itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s deadly, referring of course to the classic William Shakespeare play of Ã¢â‚¬Å"Romeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬ , set in Verona, Italy. The play examines two families, the Montauges and the Capulets caught in an ongoing battle of hate, however two of the children manage to find love. All is not fair in love and war, and this play examines some examples of how love and hate correlate to each other in this captivating tale of Ã¢â‚¬Å"Romeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬ . ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a feud so deep and long lasting it seems that nothingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesof Ã¢â‚¬ËœRomeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, ShakespeareÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s play Ã¢â‚¬ËœRomeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. Ã¢â‚¬ËœRomeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audien ce today. Ã¢â‚¬ËœRomeo and JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, althoughRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet925 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesmade by Romeo. This happens right after Romeo gets to JulietÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s grave, then meets Paris, fights Paris, and kills Paris.[a]Right before Paris dies, he says Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, I am slain! If thou be merciful, Open the tomb. Lay me with JulietÃ¢â‚¬ (Shakespeare 5.3.72-73). Paris is brave and proud enough to tell Romeo, the person that kills him, to put him in the grave next to Juliet, who he was going to marry. RomeoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s true love for Juliet caused all of this in the first place. In the play, The Tragedy of Romeo and JulietRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages Beauty Over Gold Ã¢â‚¬Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t fear for

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Slavery Fight For Freedom Essay Example For Students

Slavery Fight For Freedom Essay Slavery Fight for FreedomDuring the course of the slave trade millions of Africans became involuntary immigrants to the New World. Some African captives resisted enslavement by fleeing from slave forts on the coast of West African. Others mutinied on board slave trading vessels, or cast themselves into the ocean, rather facing death than enslavement. In the New World there were those who ran away from their owners, ran away among the Indians, formed maroon societies, revolted, feigned sickness, or participated in work slow downs. Some sought and succeeded in gaining liberty through various legal means such as good service to their masters, self-purchase, or military service. Still others seemingly acquiesced and learned to survive in servitude. The European, American, and African slave traders engaged in the large amounts of trade in humans. The politicians and businessmen who supported them, did not intend to put into motion a chain of events that would motivate the captives and the ir descendants to fight for full citizenship in the United States of America. But they did. When Thomas Jefferson penned the words, All men are created equal, he could not possibly have envisioned how literally his own slaves and others would take his words. African Americans repeatedly questioned how their owners could consider themselves noble in their own fight for independence from England while at the same time believing that it was wrong for slaves to do the same. The first slaves came to the Western Hemisphere in the early 1500s. Twenty African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Series of complex colonial laws began to reform the status of Africans and their connection to slavery. The United States outlawed the transatlantic slave trade in 1808, but the domestic slave trade and illegal importation continued for several decades. Captured Africans were sold at auction as chattel, like inanimate property or animals. Many literate ex-slaves discussed the degrada tion and humiliation they felt when they were treated like cattle. Advertisements used in the North as well as the South before the Civil War, advertised the sale of slaves and land, the availability of employment for an overseer, a recall of debts, and a reward for anyone who captured slaves. In November 1841 the 135 enslaved African Americans on board the ship Creole overpowered the crew murdering one man while sailing from Hampton Roads, Virginia, to New Orleans, Louisiana. Led by Madison Washington, they sailed the vessel to Nassau, Bahamas, where the British declared most of them free. An author, William Channing, argues the American claims that the property of U.S. slave owners should be protected in foreign ports. There was a huge diplomatic controversy that followed, Ohio Congressman Joshua Giddings argued that once the ship was outside of U.S. territorial waters, the African Americans were entitled to their liberty and that any attempt to re-enslave them would be unconstitu tional. Censured by the House of Representatives, he resigned, but his constituents quickly reelected him and sent him back to Congress. The African American resistance to slavery is demonstrated time and time again in the successful and unsuccessful attempts to escape from bondage. The owners equal determination to protect their investment is demonstrated by their assiduousness in pursuing the runaways. A Portuguese slave buyer purchased Africans in West Africa. Transported them to the Caribbean, the captives found themselves in the hands of Cuban slave dealers on board the Spanish schooner Amistad. In transport from Cuba the Africans, led by Cinqu , rebelled, killed the captain and three crewmen, and ordered the rest to sail to Africa. By day the crew complied, but at night they sailed west and finally landed near Long Island, New York, where the vessel was seized by U.S. authorities. .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .postImageUrl , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:hover , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:visited , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:active { border:0!important; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:active , .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548 .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue934c66611b6962a2de7594f7fe0d548:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tyler Larsen Essay In the New York Sun, Cinqu is described as a brave Congolese chief . . . who now lies in jail in arms at New Haven, Conn., awaiting his trial for daring for freedom. Cinqu is quoted as saying, Brothers, we have done that which we proposed . . . I am resolved it is better to die than be a white mans slave.President Martin Van Buren and the Spanish administrators of Cuba wanted the Africans returned to stand trial for mutiny, but the Connecticut judge who heard the case disagreed. The U. S. appealed the case to the Supreme Court where former President John Quincy Adams argued that it was the Africans, not the Cubans, who should be treated sympathetically because they were free people illegally enslaved. John Quincy Adams argued the appeal on behalf of the Africans before the Court. He stated that they were entitled to all kindness and good offices due from a humane and Christian nation. In January 1841, the Supreme Court rendered its decision relating to the Amistad affair. Adams won and the Africans were returned to Africa.

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Learning English Autonomy free essay sample

The samples consist of four teachers, fifteenth students of DHAV6A and fifteenth students of DHAV4B. I need about one month to carry out this report. I expect that this report can be a suitable material for other students who want to study this issue in the future. Through his research, I also have more choices about my teaching method in the future. * INTRODUCTION: Today, English is an international language understood and spoken in almost countries in the world. English truly links the whole world together. In Vietnam, since we joined into many economic associations like Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), participated in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), and recently become the 150th member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), more and more investors have required English as a means of communication, have poured capital into the country. The demand for a skilled labor force having good command of English speaking skill has become increased and consequently, English has been the first choice in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning English Autonomy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the communicative competence in English of Vietnamese workforce has not met the requirements of the employers. A large number of fresh university graduates have not been employed by foreign enterprises because of their poor English listening and speaking skills (Ha, 2007, p. 9). Although in Vietnamese education, English is one of main subjects in many secondary schools, high schools, and even universities or in some primary schools in Vietnam, they also teach English for children as well as teaching mother tongue (Vietnamese), many teachers often use Vietnamese in their teaching of speaking process. There are some arguments about using Vietnamese in English speaking class. Some people say that Vietnamese will assist much for teaching and learning English speaking skill such as helping teachers explain difficult words in English, explaining some localization word of Vietnamese, helping students understand fully what the teacher teach, help students chat to each other more easierÃ¢â‚¬ ¦However, some people say that using Vietnamese in teaching and learning English speaking will interfere the teaching and learning process like not improving studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s communication,Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This led to the idea that all use of the mother tongue in the language classroom should be avoided (Harmer, 2001:131). In many materials of teaching and learning language, writers have given a lot of good ways to teach and learn speaking skill most accuracy and effective. These arguments now are severe, and still not give any concrete conclusion about using Vietnamese in teaching and learning speaking process in English class. So, is it should or should not use Vietnamese in English class? What are the roles of mother tongue? What are the purposes of using Vietnamese in English speaking class? How can teacher use Vietnamese in the most effective way? The purpose of the study is to find out the amount of English and Vietnamese are used by both teachers and students in English class and the reasons why teacher and students use Vietnamese in English class. Most importantly, the use of Vietnamese has positive or negative effects on the learning of English. The significant of the study lays in the fact that there are a little professional research and material about this topic. Studying this topic can help we have more suitable and accuracy methods of learning and teaching English in English class. II. LITERATURE REVIEW: 2. 1. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS: The general usage of the term mother tongue . . . denotes not only the language one learns from ones mother, but also the speakers dominant and home language, i. e. not only the first language according to the time of acquisition, but the first with regard to its importance and the speakers ability to master its linguistic and communicative aspects. For example, if a language school advertises that all its teachers are native speakers of English, we would most likely complain if we later learned that although the teachers do have some vague childhood memories of the time when they talked to their mothers in English, they, however, grew up in some non-English speaking country and are fluent in a second language only. Similarly, in translation theory, the claim that one should translate only into ones mother tongue, is in fact a claim that one should only translate into ones first and dominant language. N. Pokorn, Challenging the Traditional Axioms: Translation into a Non-Mother Tongue. John Benjamins, 2005) Mother tongue or mother language refers to a childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s first language, the language learned in the home from older family members. (UNESCO, 2003, p. 15) In some places, the term has taken on more of a culturally symbolic definition, so that an individual might say, Ã¢â‚¬ËœI donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t actually speak my mother tongueÃ¢â‚ ¬â„¢. A related term, home language, refers to the language or languages spoken in the studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s home. Dorthe Buhmann -Barbara Trudell, Mother Tongue Matters: Local Language as a Key to Effective Learning, UNESCO 7 place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris France) As the definition of Hubbard Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Jones- Thornton- Wheeler, A Training Course for TEFL, Oxford University Press 1983 L1 is the first langue or mother tongue while L2 is target language- the foreign language being learnt. L1 interference is the effect of mother tongue on a studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s production of L2, causing errors through analogy with L1. Speaking skill is the productive skill in the oral mode. It like the other skills, is more complicated than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words. (LinguaLinks Library, version 3. 5, published on CD- ROM by SIL International, 1999). According to the Oxford Dictionary of Current English 2009, speaking is Ã¢â‚¬Å"the action of conveying information or expressing onesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ thoughts and feelings in spoken languageÃ¢â‚¬ . (P. 414) Chaney (1990), however, considered speaking a process: Ã¢â‚¬ speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal or non- verbal symbols in a variety of contextsÃ¢â‚¬ (P. 13). Sharing the same viewpoint, Florez (1999) added that speaking is an Ã¢â‚¬Å"interactiveÃ¢â‚¬ process, which consists of three main stages Ã¢â‚¬Å"producing, receiving and processing information. Ã¢â‚¬ (P. 1) In language teaching and learning, speaking is considered a skill to practice and master. In this light, Nunan (2003, P. 48) put it that Ã¢â‚¬Å"speaking is the productive oral skill. It consists of producing systematic verbal utterance to convey meaningÃ¢â‚¬ . Also considering speaking as a skill Bygate (1987, P. 3) investigated the distinction between knowledge and skill in speaking lesson, which he considered as crucial in the teaching of speaking. Le Thi Hong Phuc, TeacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s immediate oral feedback in speaking lesson for 11th Ã¢â‚¬â€œ form students, May 2010). 2. 2. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK: 2. 2. 1. ROLE OF MOTHER TONGUE (VIETNAMESE) IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS: At a conference in Singapore, Peter Martin (2006) quoted an English language teacher from Brunei whom he had i nterviewed: I try not to [use Malay] but sometimes you have to. If we donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t use Malay, they wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t understand, especially some textbooks. The words are difficult. I donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t like to use Malay if inspectors are here but I sometimes do. Otherwise they [the pupils] wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t understand and they [the inspectors] might us as bad teachers. (Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, Pearson Education Limited 2007) Mother tongue is not only the basic source of quality education, but it is also the language of feeling, expression and dreams of human being. A man can express his feelings and thoughts very easily in mother tongue instead of any other language. The mother tongue is so important in the development of the child that the day was instituted in recognition of ts value and for the promotion of its usage as an instrument of transmitting culture in the socialization of the child. The UNESCO and other international organizations have declared mother tongue as medium of instructions for across the world, while the other hand, all linguist, scholars and intellectuals are agreed that the mother tongue should be taught as instruction across the world, because mother tongue is only basic source of qualit y education for everyone. The February 21st was declared as Ã¢â‚¬Å"International Mother Tongue DayÃ¢â‚¬ , by UNECO in 1999 to be celebrated world- wide. Mr. Hafeez Qureshi, writer and political activist, said that vocational and technical development of countries and nations should be made only in mother tongue, and this is the main reason for economic development of Japan. He said that promotion of mother tongue is the only cause of nationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s development. Ms. Zeb Nizamani, a writer and subject specialist of Sindhi mother tongue said that a child brings natural vocabulary of mother tongue before joining the school, so every child should be taught in his own mother tongue. Prof. Dr. Asad Ali Shaikh, from I. T department of Sindh University, said that we are living in an era of information technology. So it is very necessary that nations should be computer literate. The computing development can make mother tongue richer. Mr. Roshan Birhamani chief editor monthly Ã¢â‚¬Å"SjagiÃ¢â‚¬ , a magazine for children said that children literature can be the only source of defense and use of mother tongue. So we should have to concentrate on development of literature for children and young adult. Mirza Saleem Baig, professor, Urdu department Sindh University said that English is the language of communication and source of employment, while the most effective source of quality education is mother tongue, because mother tongue is the only language of childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s thought. Prof. Dr. Mehriunnissa Larik, Principal Govt. degree college Matiari said that the issue of mother tongue is the issue of nations heredity, and nations, who concentrate or their mother tongues, are the most develop nations in the world. Prof. Najma Shaikh said that there is a competition between all the countries because all these countries are depending on their mother tongues. So we should develop our mother tongue. Mr. Wahab Pandrani, a political activist and regional head of democratic commission for human development said that languages are the source of communication among the nations and people, so we have to stable and develop our mother tongue. Mr. Irshad Junejo, a student of mass communication said that the issue od development and promotion of mother tongue is collective and not individual! So it is needed that the forums should be made to activate the issues related to mother tongue. Mr. Abdul Majeed Rajput, chief editor Ã¢â‚¬Å"Daily AssÃ¢â‚¬ said that quality education is needed to train all teachers, because the teacher is main unit of education. We have to train our teacher for effective learning of our children. Moulana Azim Hussain, the honorary guest of Ã¢â‚¬Å"Importance of Mother Tongue in Quality EducationÃ¢â‚¬ conference, coming from India said that youth can play significant role for quality education in mother tongue, because the energetic and potential cream of every nation is youth. The chief guest of the conference Prof. Adal Soomro, chairman Sindhi department, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur said that everyone loves his mother tongue in this world. Own script of any language is source as educational language. The second chief guest of conference Ã¢â‚¬Å"Importance of Mother Tongue in Quality EducationÃ¢â‚¬ Mr. Shoukat Hussain Shoro, Ex-director Institute of Sindhology said that private school system is ignoring the teaching of mother tongue and on the other have Govt. Schools are not teaching effectively, so we have to concentrate on our school systems. 2. 2. 2. THE BENEFITS OF USING THE L1 IN THE L2 CLASSROOM: There are many occasions when using the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 in the classroom has obvious advantages. For example, D Jabr Dajani( 2002) suggests its use in planning, self- evaluation and learner training, where if the teacher speaks the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 , these topic can be discussed fluently instead of in the halting English of the beginning or elementary students. Sheelagh Deller (2003) suggests that, among other things, it is useful for students to notice differences between their L1 and the target language, that when students use their L1 between themselves and with the teacher, it has a positive effect on group dynamics, and it allows students to give ongoing feedback about the course and their experiences of learning much more fluently than they would if they were only using English. Daniel Linder (2002) suggests a number of translation activities for use in general classroom. These include straight translation of short texts and a translation summary of a longer text. His recommendation is that these activities should be done in groups because a discussion of the issues they raise is likely to be more revealing with two or more people than when they just think about it ourselves. Boris Naimushin (2002), echoing our earlier comments about language use in the modern world, sees translation as the Ã¢â‚¬Å"fifth skillÃ¢â‚¬ after reading, writing, speaking and listening. There seem to be three strands operating here: in the first place, many commentators recognize the desirability of using the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 when talking about learning. So, for example, if teacher want to discuss making a learning contract with their students, or to ask students what they want or need, then they will get more from lower- level students if they do it in the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 than if they try to struggle through with English. If you want to explain things, help students with learning training or discuss matters personally with students, then again, we will more success at lower levels if we can use the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1. Secondly, there is clearly a lot to be gained from the comparison between the L1 and the L2. Student can make these comparisons anyway, so we may as well help them do it more effectively. It will help them to understand certain classes of error if we are able to show them such differences. The kind of translation activities suggested above will also help in this respect, making a virtue out of the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ natural language processing behavior. Translation can also be a very good way of reviewing how well students have understood grammar and lexis at the end of a unit of study. Finally, students (and their teachers) can use the L1 to keep the social atmosphere of the class in good repair. There is a case for saying that rapport is enhanced when teachers can exchange jokes with students or talk to them about aspects of their lives. (Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, Pearson Education Limited 2007) Mother tongue is the best medium for the expression of oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideas and feelings. Thus, it is the most potent agent for mutual communication and exchange of ideas. Of all the languages, the mother tongue is the most easy to learn. Full proficiency or mastery can be achieved in oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own mother tongue. Thinking is an instrument of acquiring knowledge, and thinking is impossible without language. Ã¢â‚¬Å"And training in the use of mother tongue- the tongue in which a child thinks and dreams- become the first essential of shoaling and the finest instrument of human culture. Ã¢â‚¬ (P. B. Ballard). We may be able to communicate in any language, but creative self- expression is possible only in oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own mother tongue. This is clear from the fact that all great writers could produce great literature only in their own language. Mother tongue is the most important instrument for bringing about emotional development of the individual. The emotional effect of literature and poetry is something which is of vital importance in the development and refinement of emotions. The teaching of the mother tongue brings many benefits such as growth in studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ intellectual life; growth in knowledge; growth in ability to express themselves; growth in creative and productive ability Ã¢â‚¬â€œ all stem from the mother tongue. Original ideas are the product of oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own mother tongue. On account of the facility of thought and expression, new and original ideas take birth and get shape only in oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own mother tongue. 2. 2. 3. THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING THE L1 IH THE L2 CLASSROOM: During the late 1970s and the early 1980s the use of the mother tongue in the classroom was considered as a Ã¢â‚¬Å"bad thingÃ¢â‚¬ , because the learners should have a maximum exposure to the target language. Therefore, researchers such as Richards and Rogers, who considered that the L1 should be inexistent within the L2 classroom, can be found (Martin, J. M. 2000:31). (Maria Olivares Banos, Mother Tongue in the L2 classroom: a positive or negative tool? , 2009) There are problems with an unquestioning use of the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 in the L2 classroom, just as there were with the idea of a total ban on its appearance. The first, of course, is that as we have pointed out, the teacher may not always share the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1- or at least the L1 of all the students in the classroom. This does not mean that students will no longer make comparison between the L1 and English; as we have said, they will do this consciously anyway. Nor those it mean that the teacher is unable to ask students questions such as Do you have an expression for this in your language? Is it literally the same? Can you translation it back in English? This is extremely rich territory when discussing idioms or metaphorical usage. For example, colors have different metaphorical meanings and uses in different languages and cultures, and the variety of idiomatic ways of saying that something is obvious ( as plain as the nose on your face in some varieties of British English in difference languages that have been reported to me ( translated here into English) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as straight as a wire (Polish); if itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a dog, it bites (Cuban Spanish); when you can see a village, you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have to ask for directions (Turkey); thereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s an elephant in the field (Burma- Myanmar) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is breathtaking. But you can encourage students to translate grammatical concepts and lexical items, too, and draw their attention to different writing conventions and genres. However, our interaction with the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 is obviously limited when you do not, for whatever reason, share it. A more serious objection to the use (especially the over- use) of the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 is that it restricts the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ exposure to English. It is possible, for example, to make a good case for the use of their L1 when we give instructions, but this reduces their exposure to a type of English that is Ã¢â‚¬Å"an ideal source of language for student acquisitionÃ¢â‚¬ (Harbord 1992:353). The teacher is a principal source of useful comprehensible input, the more time we spend speaking English, the better. Teachers can sometimes find themselves use the L1 more than they intended. When Linda Bawcom transcribed her lessons with two students in Spain, she found that the three of them were speaking Spanish 33 per cent of the time (2002: 50). While she speculated that this might felt that there was just too much L1 being used and set out, with the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ agreement, to ration its occurrence more judiciously. When visiting a secondary class in the Czech Republic, Simon Gill (2005) found that the particular teacher he observed only used English 5 per cent of the time, and I have encountered similar situation in classrooms in a number of countries. In such situations the studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s exposure to the English language has been unnecessarily restricted; the balance has tipped too far. There is one other situation in which the use of the L1 seems counter- productive and this is when we are encouraging students to use English in communicative speaking tasks, whose purpose, after all, is to give student in English. We may understand their natural inclination to communicate in the best way they (i. e in their L1), but it will not be useful for the purposes of the activity we have asked them to engage in. (Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, Pearson Education Limited 2007) It is just kind of tendency that could to the development of excessive dependency on the studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s mother tongue (Harbord, 1992) by both teachers and students. Consequently students lose their confidence in their ability to communicate in English. They may feel that the only way they would understand anything the teacher says is when it has been translated or they use their mother tongue when they are perfectly capable of expressing the same ideas in English. This can significantly reduce studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s opportunities to practice English, and students fail to realize that using English in classroom activities is essential to improve their language skills. Translation also regularly creates the problem of oversimplification because some culture and linguistic nuances cannot be directly translated (Harbord, 1992). For example, the sentence Ã¢â‚¬Å"thatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s so coolÃ¢â‚¬ in English means that something is amazing or incredible. This phrase is the product of the continual evolution of the English language that was affected by the specific culture at a certain time. 2. 2. 4. SOME TOOLS THAT AID TO THE AVOIDDANCE THE USE OF MOTHER TONGUE: * Course book: a course book with diagrams and illustrations will make understanding easier for students and thus there will be no need for the use of mother tongue. * Flash card: makes learning easier without the need for another language so also is slide show. Photo- dictionary: some students usual use dictionary with words translated to their native language. A dictionary with pictures will make the need for another language unnecessary. ( Saeed Mubarak, Avoiding Mother Tongue in Classroom, posted on March 6 th, 2011) 2. 2. 5. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT HOW AND WHEN TO USE THE STUDENTSÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 IN THE CLASSROOM: * Acknowledge the L1: it makes no sense to deny th e importance of the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 in their L2 learning. Even where we do not share the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ languages, we can show our understanding of the learning process and discuss L1 and L2 issues with the class. * Use appropriate L1L2 activities: we can use sensible activities which maximize the benefits of using the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1. These may include translation exercises of the kind we have mentioned, or specific contrasts between the two languages in areas of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation or discourse. We may not use the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 to discuss learning matters such as the establishment of a code of conduct, or the best ways of keeping vocabulary notebooks or the giving of announcements. However, this will be done in the context of a largely English- use classroom. Differentiate between levels: while it may make sense to use the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 for explanations and rapport- enhancement at lower levels, this become appropriate as the teacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ English improves. The more they work in English, the more their English will get, and the better their English is, the class need we need of the L1 for reason of rapport- enhancement or discu ssion and explanation of learning matters. However, we may still want to make comparisons between L1 and L2 and encourage the Ã¢â‚¬Å"fifth skillÃ¢â‚¬ of translation. Agree clear guidelines: students need to know when mother- tongue use is productive and when it is not. While, for example, we may not worry about it when they are discussing answers to a reading comprehension in pairs, we will be less happy (as we have said) if they speak in the L1 for an oral communicative activities. We will discuss the issue of the L1 use with our class either as the subject comes up or when establishing some kind of code of conduct. We will ask the students for their opinions on L1 use and give our guidelines, too, so that we can make some kind of a bargain. Students will have then agreed about when L1 use is appropriate and when, on the contrary, it is counter- productive. We have seen how some teachers over- use the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ L1 often unintentionally. But if we agree clear guidelines with the class, when we should follow them ourselves if we want our students to adhere to them. * Use encouragement and persuasion: teachers all over the world spend a lot of their time going round to students, especially during activities saying things like, please speak English! r why not stop using Turkish/ Arabic/ Portuguese/ Greek? etc. and it often works, especially if students have discussed the issue of the L1 use with the teacher previously. If such encouragement doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t work, we can temporarily stop the activity and explain to students that since the activity is designed to give them practice in speaking English, it makes little sense if they do it in another language. This sometimes changes the atmosphere so that they go back the a ctivity with a new determination. 2. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Many previous studies have focused on the different uses of the mother tongue in the classroom. In my proposal report, I will discuss some questions such as: Ã¢â‚¬Å"is the use of Vietnamese beneficial of interfere in an English speaking class (DHAV6)? Ã¢â‚¬ , Ã¢â‚¬Å"how frequently is it used and for what purposes? Ã¢â‚¬ , Ã¢â‚¬Å"how do the students feel when their teacher use Vietnamese in speaking class? Ã¢â‚¬ . I hope that my proposal report can help me answer these questions and give me suitable methods for my teaching jobs in future. * RESEARCH DESIGN: This proposal report will be carried out in Ho Chi Minh University of Industry, at The Faculty of Foreign Language where I have been studied for four years. The samples for my proposal report are four speaking teachers of FFL with their teaching experience ranged from 3 to 15 years many years and the second- year students DHAV6 including class DHAV6A (15 students) and DHAV6B (15 students). I choose these students of DHAV6 because this class accesses English language more than other classes of other subjects and their experience of speaking English is not professional much. At this level, they get some basic knowledge in some subjects of English skill like speaking, listening, writing, reading,Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I also ask for these speaking teachers of FFL ideas and information about their experience of teaching Speaking skill on their classes. Everyone have their own ways of carrying out research to get the most successful results. To implement this research, I use both qualitative and quantitative research methods including observation methods, interview methods to have more effective results. For the interview method, I will give some questions related to my research to four teachers and the students of DHAV6 to get the necessary information for my research. The interview method can help me get individual ideas of all teachers and the students who I ask. Firstly, I will interview four teachers of FFL for their experience of teaching speaking. Do they ever use Vietnamese in their speaking class? For what purposes? Each interview lasted between 10 minutes and 15 minutes. For the students, I have some questions to get their ideas about the use of Vietnamese in English speaking class? I want to know that they like using Vietnamese or English much in their class. And I want to compare my experience in speaking class with these students in speaking class. (I have ever used Vietnamese in English speaking class while I have met some difficult words or chatted with other friends,Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). I also try to collect these studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ways of avoiding Vietnamese in class. Through the interview of four speaking teacher, I want to have more professional ideas about the using of Vietnamese in English class. All teachers have many experiences in teaching speaking skill. And they have experienced a lot of special situations in which made them choose between Vietnamese and English to teach their students. I expect to find their solutions for these special situations and the reasons for their choices. The interview will be recorded or took note and summarized. They are following these key questions: * Interview questions for students: * Do your teachers usually use Vietnamese in your English class? * In which subjects your teachers often use Vietnamese most? * Do you like the teacher use English or Vietnamese in Teaching English? Why? * Do you ever use Vietnamese in your speaking class? How can you try to avoid this problem? * Interview questions for teachers: * Do you ever use Vietnamese in your speaking class? In which situation, you use it? * Should teacher use Vietnamese in teaching English process? Why? * Why should not teachers use Vietnamese in English class? * In which situations teachers should use Vietnamese in English class? Why? In the observation method, I will observe both classes of DHAV6A and DHAV6B on their speaking periods. During their periods of teaching and learning, I will observer and take note how frequent teacher and students use Vietnamese in class. And in which situations they use mother tongue instead of English to discuss together. I also focus on what kind of topic they talk by Vietnamese and English in speaking class such as discussing the topic in course book or just chat together. By the interview and observation results of these teachers and students, I hope I can get the answers for all research questions and have suitable methods for my teaching jobs in some days. I also hope that this eport can help other students have more material sources for their studies in the next times. * TIME SCHEDULE: | |The time needed (how long will the researcher need? ) | |Tasks to do | | | |2 days: I will need two days to decide where I can carry out this | | |research. And I decide to choose Ho Chi Minh University of Industry- | |Contact the field words for access |The Faculty of Foreign Language. | | |3 days: I need three days to find a suitable class for my research. I | |Looking for sample |need to search the number of students and their speaking teachers. | | |15 days: I spend most time to collect data for this research. I much | | |find information in the Internet as well as carry out the interview | |Collecting data |and observation. | | |10 days: After collecting data and finishing the interview and | | |observation, I will start to analyze all the data. I will study the | | |result of interview and observation to have the specific numbers or | |Analyzing data |the conclusion for the report. | | |2 days: after finish all parts of the proposal report, I need two days| |Correcting and arranging the report |for correcting and arranging all data to get the complete report. | * REFERENCES (Written in APA style) * (N. Pokorn, Challenging the Traditional Axioms: Translation into a Non-Mother Tongue. John Benjamins, 2005) * (Dorthe Buhmann -Barbara Trudell, Mother Tongue Matters: Local Language as a Key to Effective Learning, UNESCO 7 place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris France) * (LinguaLinks Library, version 3. 5, published on CD- ROM by SIL International, 1999). * ( Le Thi Hong Phuc, TeacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s immediate oral feedback in speaking lesson for 11th Ã¢â‚¬â€œ form students, May 2010). * (Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, Pearson Education Limited 2007) * (Maria Olivares Banos, Mother Tongue in the L2 classroom: a positive or negative tool? , 2009) ( Saeed Mubarak, Avoiding Mother Tongue in Classroom, posted on March 6 th, 2011) * Kieu Hang Kim Anh- College of Financial and Customs, Use of Vietnamese in English class: Attitude of Vietnamese University Teachers, June 2010. * Baljit Bhela Ã¢â‚¬â€œFlinders university of Education, Native language Interference in learning a second language, International Educational Journal Vol 1, No 1, 1999, http:// iej. cjb. ne t * Galina Kavaliauskiene- Mykolas Romeris University, Role of Mother tongue in Learning English for special purposes, EPS World, Issue 1 (22), Volume 8, 2009, http:// esp- world. info * APPENDICES

Sunday, March 8, 2020

buy custom Lung Cancer essay

buy custom Lung Cancer essay Lung cancer, like all other cancers, arises when there is an abnormality in body cells. When one suffers from cancer, new cells are produced even when they not required by the body, leading to formation of a large mass of cells known as tumor. Cancer tumors can either be malignant or benign. The term cancer is used to refer to tumors that are malignant. Benign tumors are easy to remove and cannot spread to different parts of the body. On the other hand, malignant tumors grow very aggressively, can enter into both lymphatic and circulatory systems and they invade other tissues within the body. The process of this spread is known as metastasis and the areas where these tumors develop are known as metastases. Once lung cancer forms, it tends to metastasize very early. This makes it a life-threatening form of cancer and one that is very difficult to treat. Although lng cancer can spread to any part of the body, the areas that are most commonly affected my metastases include liver, adrenal glands, brain and bone tissue. Lung cancers can attack any part of the lung. However, 95 % of all lung cancers are commonly thought to affect epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are found in the lining of bronchi and bronchioles (Ihde, 1997). This is the main reason why lung cancers are often referred to as bronchogenic carcinomas or bronchogenic cancers. Sometimes lung cancers may affect the pleura and rarely the supporting tissues of the lung such as blood vessels. Lung cancer is the greatest cause of death due to cancer all over the world. In December 2008, the American Cancer Societys estimated that 219,440 new lung cancer cases were going to be diagnosed and that 159,390 lung cancer-related deaths were going to occur in 2009. The U.S Nationnal Cancer Institute approximates that one in every 14 Americans will suffer from lung cancer at one point in their lifetime. Lung cancer mostly affects elderly people; about 70% of all people diagnosed with the disease are above 65 years old while less than 3% of all cancer cases are reported among people who are below 45 years of age (Jemal, 2005). Doll Hill (1956), report that lung cancer was not very common before the 1930s. However, in the decades that followed, the disease became more prevalent as more people started smoking tobacco. In many developing countries, incidents of lung cancer have begun to reduce as a result of public education programs on the dangers of smoking. Nevertheless, lung cancer remains the most commonly occurring type of cancer the world over. In the U.S, this type of cancer has even surpassed breast cancer among women as the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Buy custom Lung Cancer essay

Friday, February 21, 2020

Recycling trash in azerbaijan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Recycling trash in azerbaijan - Essay Example Eurasian Recycling LLC will seek to resolve this issue by taking in waste from towns at nominal fees and making recycled products from it. If the company is able to address this problem, the independent waste collectors will pay the premium price, as they will have to negotiate with the company. The company has two value propositions for end user consumers of compost or recycled trash and municipalities. For the municipalities, the company will offer budget-saving and cost-effective services that will help in addressing problems of waste disposal in Ganja City and its environs. In addition, for the end users, it will provide a valuable revitalization of the soil in terms of tillage, water retention, structural stability, and porosity (Stevens et al 17). Therefore, by acquiring trash from the municipalities around Ganja, the company will recycle and compost it for the customers to buy at a profit. The market niche for the product is the organic soil enrichment market with most farmers still using inorganic fertilizers. These include farmers and nursery owners, as well as resident landscapers. There is room for growth in the organic soil enhancement market as more farmers move away from chemical fertilizers (Stevens et al 17). Eurasia Recycling LLCÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s major product is r ecycled household organic waste to be used in farms, while the major service involves offering municipalities around Ganja City alternative ways to dispose of organic household waste that is collected around the city. The waste collection service is not perishable because there will always be waste, while the eventual product is not perishable either because agriculture is the economic backbone of Azerbaijan (Stevens et al 17). In addition, the product is responding to trends in the market, which is organic farming, and will hold for the foreseeable

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Hamza Yusuf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamza Yusuf - Essay Example He schooled in California and the East Coast. Hamza spent the summer of his 12th year in Greece where he learnt the catechism within the advanced Christian studies. After returning from Greece, Hamza went to an experimental school in Marin County. He attended high school in the East Coast. In high school, Hamza started concentrating on God and religion. He came to the realisation that his Christianity was because his parents were Christians.1 In 1977, he was converted to a Christian. He believed that most people in the West failed in their realisation of oppression in Muslim states because of culture. He opted to live as a Muslim in the West than living in other Muslim countries. He believed that Muslims live well in the West. Thereafter, in 1996, he and his colleagues founded Zaytuna Institute. This prepared for the revival of traditional study methods and Islamic sciences. Yusuf took a stance against religious justifications for the terrorist attacks. Hamza has been an outspoken an d passionate critic of the foreign policy in America and an extremist for the responses towards the policies. He has managed to draw criticism for Muslim extremists in the East and West. His writings played a crucial part in his abandoning of extremism. Pre-9/11 Radical Before the bombing in September 11, Hamza had expressed some radical Islamist sentiments on various occasions. He praised the idea of Muslims being the threat to society. He argued that the threat was geared towards fighting against the inhumanity and injustice in the society. He argued that they were not to fight against the jihad. He depicted the American culture as spreading the diseases such as AIDS and cancer. In 1995, Hamza rallied against Judaism. They believed that God became biased in calling Jews in Mt. Sinai and that the rest of the people in the world are rubbish. He condemned the Jewish religion and regarded it as a racist one. He criticised Christians for associating themselves with Jews, yet they rejec ted God and crucified Him.2 In 1996, Hamza described US as a country with so little to be proud of, both in the present and past. He compared his reverence for Islam with the democracy in America. In his comparison, he said that he was an American citizen by birth and not by choice, and he resides in the country, not by choice but by the conviction of spreading Islamic messages in America. He argued that he became a Muslim since he never believed in false gods of the society. He believed that convention resolutions were meaningless Masonic exercises used by men to ensure that nothing changes. From Jamil al-Amin to George Bush In 2001, Hamza talked of fundraising for the legal defence of Jamil al-Amin in Irvine. He combined the praise for al-Amin with the harsh attacks on the United States. He portrayed US as a country plagued with anti-Muslim conspiracies. He praised the courage of al-Amin and condemned the acts of the government that aimed at silencing him. He also claimed of unjus t trial and life sentencing of Omar Abdel-Rahman, after he conspired to kill the former President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, as well as plotting to bomb the Holland and Lincoln tunnels. He criticised US for institutionalised racism. He hinted on a catastrophe hitting US, and true to his words, the 9/11 terrorist attack happened. His tone dramatically shifted where he denounced jihadists by warning Muslims not to emulate them. He condemned the act saying that it was pure murder and not holy war. Closet Radical or Newborn Moderate: HamzaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networks

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networks Table of Contents Introduction Advantages of Social Networks Disadvantages of Social Networks Influence on people in the future Data Collection and Analysis Recommendation Bibliography Appendices This research report has answered the questions i.e. what is social network? What are the advantages and disadvantages of social networks? How social networks will influence on people in the future? The research report will specify in the fields of education and business, which are two of the most important fields in the modern world, as parts of advantages of social networks. On the other hand, the report will highlight the major problems of today world such as online crime and addiction to social networks as primary disadvantages. Besides, there are analyses and predictions concerning with the dominance of social networks and how they will influence on people in the future. Justification The main reason for choosing this research topic is because my interest lies in that field. Besides, I am intended to specify my study in telecommunication engineering, which is a branch of my major study, electrical engineering, at the University. Internet can be said as the base of telecommunication systems and social networks are extensions of the internet. For all these connections and reasons I chose the topic in the question. 1.Introduction 1.1 What is social network? A social network is a social structure made up of a set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) and complex set of the dyadic ties between these actors (Wikipedia.org) Social media is any form of online publication or presence that allows end users to engage in multi-directional conversations in or around the content on the website (OnlineMatters.com) Social media and social networking focus on two-way interactions, between the site (or the person running the site) and the people reading or using it (Salpeter,2011,p.6) Two-way interactions means that comments are allowed in that blog and there could be interactions between the writer and anyone who give comments. 1.2 History of social networks 1.2.1 Evolution of internet The internet technology was introduced in the 1960s. The forerunner of the modern Internet was called ARPANET and it was created in 1969 by a worked for the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the U.S Department of Defence. Basically, they just wanted to build an electronic communication system that could carry military data without disturbance. In 1971, an engineer Ray Tomlinson, invented the first electronic mail (e-mail) program. Twenty years later, in 1991, British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, invented World Wide Web and created Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that establish links. 1.2.2 Development of social networks Social networks evolved since the internet technology was first developed in the 1960s. One of the first online communities was Usenet, which was created by Duke University graduate students, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis. Usenet was similar to a discussion forum where students can share their opinions and suggestions. In 1984, similar method of online interaction called Bulletin Board System (BBS) was introduced. Later, the emergence of social networks rocketed with the invention of World Wide Web by a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, in 1991. One of the most dominant social networks in the history, Friendster, was founded by Jonathan Abrams and launched in 2003. Along with Friendster, LinkedIn and MySpace also become popular in their respective fields. After 2003, the social networks become so popular that, by the time Facebook was launched in 2006, the Internet users had more than two hundred social networks to choose from. Nowadays, Facebook is regarded as the most successful social network with over 1.06 billion monthly active users, 680 million mobile users, more than 50 million pages and 10 million apps. (April, 2013 data) 2. Advantages of social networks 2.1 Education Field In the survey conducted by Pew Internet Projects research, it showed that 67% of online adults use social networks. This data describes the fact that social networks can be used to improve the education of adults and students since they already have certain influence on the learners. The main advantage is that students can further explore topics that they are interested in by using online social networking since they may have limited resources and time in school. Apart from that, for adults with unique interests, it is not easy to find friends with same interest to chat or discuss with. However, social networks link these people with the ones with same passion, where they can interact with people from different parts of the world. On the other hand, teachers can take the advantage of studentsÃƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ social networking abilities to create discussion forums, class blogs and online teaching. Such collaboration between students and teachers, acting social networks as a medium, can help the students gain opportunities to cover knowledge in a wider area and pursue interest. Schools also use social networks as an intermediate to keep in touch with students. Certain networks such as Facebook, Moodle, Secondlife, Digg and other networks are often used by teachers to connect with students and to hold out-of-classroom discussions. So, it is quite obvious that several advantages are observed for the impact of social networks on the education field. 2.2 Business Field Social networking takes place online where people meet and share ideas, recommendations and experiences. So, it is similar to a non-stopping communication with a broad audience through a variety of platform or sites. This is one of the factor that the organizations are interested in social media since they can get different kinds of suggestions and feedbacks from people. Many companies use social networks such as Twitter and Facebook to connect with customers and prospective clients. This leads to a golden opportunity for job seekers to learn more about the organization and easily connect with people who work there. Job seekers can become acquainted with the ones working, through these social media, and once they achieve strong presence on these networks, it becomes feasible to reach the people with the authority to hire an employee. Different kinds of social networks convey effective ways to find jobs. One can search about the company in Google by simply typing the name of that company. Facebook, Twitter and FourSquare are excellent social networks to be able to interact with the people who work in the organization. If lucky, one can meet with a recruiting agent and have some conversation and discussions which could increase the chance to get the job. Moreover, ones profile can be distributed on the social networks, which will increase the probability of getting the job. Mariam Salpeter, the founder of Keppie Careers suggests that, Creating an online presence allows hiring managers, recruiters, colleagues and friends to know more about you, what you offer and what you want. Its a way to draw jobs to you instead of you spending your time searching the jobs (Salpeter,2011,p.75) One of the most important thing to point out the impact of social networks on business field is, social media marketing. By acting social networks as stepping stones, social media marketing can gain a lot of benefits including relationship building, brand building, publicity, promotions and so on. So, it can be concluded that social media marketing proposes several opportunities for entrepreneurs, small businesses, midsize companies and large corporations to build their brands and business. (Gunelius,2011) 3. Disadvantages of social networks 3.1 Crime Highlighting the benefits of social networks, it doesnÃƒÆ'Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t necessarily means that there are no drawbacks in them. Recently, online crime which is also known as Cybercrime, proposes an increasing threat to all the internet users. This includes online sexual exploitation and cyber bullying. One of the main problems to eradicate cybercrime is that it is hard to identify the offender and it is almost impossible to keep full-time surveillance in such a wide network. 3.1.1 Online sexual exploitation One of the most aggressive forms of cybercrime is the online sexual exploitation. This includes sharing pornography, persuading for sex and sex chat. There are over 665000 registered convicted sex offenders in the United States of America, according to a study commissioned by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. This means that one in every seven kids has been approached by a sexual predator online. That is 13% of children who use the internet. Moreover, the Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) mentioned that the average sex offender offends for 16 years before he is finally caught. In that life span, he has committed and average of 318 offenses and violated 110 victims. Regarding these data, it can be clearly seen that online sexual exploitation has been destroying the lives of children who use social networks. (Hoffman,2012) 3.1.2 Cyber bullyingCyber bullying is different from face to face bullying as the bullies cannot be identified easily and they have sense of security that convinces them they wont get caught. Not knowing the harm that they caused to victim, the bullies do not feel any guilt or empathy. Cyber bullying is also a form of cybercrime which include different branches. The most common type is called harassment, where the abusive and insulting messages are repeatedly sent to the victim. Other kinds of cyber bullying such as flaming, denigration, impersonation, outing, trickery, and exclusion are also found in the world of social networks. The most crucial way is called cyberstalking which fuel up harassment with significant threats and creates fear. Please refer to Appendix 4 (p- ) for different forms of cyber bullying. 3.2 Addiction to social networks Social networks, being used as a form of assistant in the field of education, also show negative impacts on students. One of these impacts is addiction to the networks. A survey done by the University of Marylands International Center for Media the Public Affairs (ICMPA) showed that people under the age of 25 have more chance to addict social networks and two-third of the students who use social media have already shown some addiction. Fifty percent of people between the age of 25 and 35, admitted that they are so attached to social networks that they even use them during office hours. Besides, children can also become attached to social media, if there is no parental guidance. 4. Influence on people in the future 4.1 Positive Influence Apart from the negative aspects of social networks, there are some occasions that they can influence peoples lives positively in the future. One of these influences is that people will obtain more convenient ways of living. Holding meetings and discussion forums using social networks will make time for the busy business-men to spend more time with their family. Online shopping will reduce the time consuming of housewives, when they can do other house chores. Moreover, students can have online learning days where they can interact with people from different parts of the world and share their ideas and debate issues. The next fact is that social networks will help people to be able to keep in touch with the developing world. This includes sharing latest news, stock share prices and gold prices. Since social networks become available on mobile phones during these days, people will always be informed with the current news of the world. Last but not least, some experts of social networking want to advance it to the stage of communication where it can replace telephone. So far, social networking sites such as Google, Facebook and Skype became major media for oversea communication. Scientists of social networks believe that they can create new communication technology that could possibly replace mobile phones in the future. 4.2 Negative Influence Although the social networks can conduct many positive influences, they impose negative ones at the same time. The major drawback is that people may start to lose physical communication and interaction in the real world. For example, two people become best friends online but they do not talk to each other in the real world. Besides, there will be no conversation between partners in the job as the systems are computer control and they can communicate by simply typing some words in chat box. The second influence is the case of students and children. While students can gain knowledge when they use social networks, they can also face with threats and online hazards. Most people believe that cyber crime rate will increase in the future as the criminals can manipulate different ways and methods of crimes in such a world with over 300 social networking sites. On the other hand, there is possibility that people, especially between the age of 15 and 25, will become more addicted to social networks in the future. Moreover, since social networks start to focus their websites on entertainment and business commercials rather than on education, people may spend more of their time on the networks instead of reading or doing physical exercises. Spending over time on social networks is not favourable to health also because when one is using the networks, he or she is doing nothing but sitting in front of a screen or lying on a sofa. 5. Data collection and analysis 5.1 User statistics According to a survey conducted in 2013, Facebook is the most successful social network, obtaining 67% of internet users. Twitter and Pineterst, which stand at second and third positions, have 16% and 15% of users respectively. The researches and surveys describe that women are more attached to the networks than man do. Besides, the researches point out that people between the age of 35 to 44 are most likely to use social networks. This is followed by the age group of 25-34 and 0-17. People over 65 have the least potential to use the networks. 5.2 Mini-survey results To be able to observe accurate and latest data, I conducted a mini-survey which included 100 people, varying age between 15 and 35, from different parts of the world. This survey contained telephone interviewing, emailing and paper distribution. (Please refer to Appendix 3 (p ) Survey on Social Network After analysing all the answers and data, the result came out that 75% of people use at least one kind of social networks and 25% of them use two or more. Among those who use social networks, 20% of people use less than one hour and the remaining use more than two hours per day. They do not usually use two hours straight away. Instead, they check their profiles on networks while going to school or job, having lunch and going back home. Integrating these times with the actual time they use the networks, probably during their leisure hours, the result came out to be two hours per day or more. Most people assumed that being in touch with friends and receiving information as a benefit while they regard low security in privacy and online bullying as major drawbacks. In weighing the advantages and disadvantages, 65% said using social networks is advantageous while the remaining percentage believed that there are more disadvantages to encounter with. However, most people, about 80%, said that they enjoy with their current usage of social networks since they are like tools to refresh their mind after working for a long time or to browse around when they feel bored. 6. Recommendation After analysing all the advantages and disadvantages of social networks, the organizations which specify their interest in social media, came up with several recommendation concerning with the usage of social networks. Firstly, parents must check their childrenÃƒÆ'Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s profile regularly and explain about cybercrimes. This will make children to be familiar with the ways of approaching of cyber predators and parents can take precautions for their children. Secondly, one should not accept friend requests if the person is not an acquaintance in the real world. Besides, one should not share personal information such as address, telephone number and email address in social networking sites. Lastly, if someone is bullied or harassed, he or she should report to the authorities of respective social networking sites and contact police when serious threats are made. 7. Bibliography Friedman ,L. (Ed.). (2011). Social Networking. Greenhaven Press, Gale/Cengage Learning. Gerdes, L. (Ed.). (2009). Cyber Crime.Greenhave Press(CA). Guneliu, S. (2011). 30-Minute Social Media Marketing: Step-by-step Techniques to Spread the Word About Your Business: Social Media Marketing in 30 Minutes a Day. McGraw Hill Professional. Hillstrom, L. (2010). Online Social Networks. Farmington Hills, MI. The United States of America Kiesbye, S. (Ed.). (2012). Cyber predators. Gale Group. Rogers, V. (Ed.). (2010). Cyber Bullying. London, UK and Philadelphia. Jessica Kingsley. Salpeter, M. (2011). Social Networking for Carer Success (1st ed.). LearningExpress, LLC. Social network. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network 8. Appendices Appendix 1. Social networking site use by age group This is a survey done by Pew Research Center, showing the usage of Social Networking Site by age group from 2005 to 2012. Appendix 2 This is a survey conducted by Pew Research Center in the late 2012. The expectations are for the year 2013. Referring to the survey, 3% of Facebook users say they plan to spend more time on the site in the year 2013. 27% of Facebook users say they plan to spend less time on the site in the year 2013. 69% of Facebook users say they plan to spend the same amount of time on the site in the year 2013. Appendix.3 Mini-survey evaluated from 100 random students. Survey on Social Network Name- Date- Do you use social networks? Yes/No (2) How many social networks do you use? 1 2 3 More than 3 (3) How many hours do you spend on social networks per day? Less than 1 1 2 3 More than 3 (4) What benefits do you gain from social networks? (5) What, do you think, are the disadvantages of social networks? (6) Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? Yes/No (7) Do you enjoy using social networks? Yes/No